School Schedules Should Not Be Applied - 847 Words

Year-long school schedules should not be applied to schools because of costs, planning changes, effects on families, and the fact that year-round schooling does not actually help with summer learning loss. Many schools throughout the United States have experimented with the year-round calendar. In fact, â€Å"The U.S. has more than 3,000,† (Mahoney A3). What these schools have found is that the cons outweigh the pros. The good effects of changing the schedule include lower costs, more time in school, and the prevention of students forgetting material over the summer. The thing is, none of those listed above are actually true. Schools that were expecting costs to go down were surprised to find the costs actually went up, and that the†¦show more content†¦Maintaining the school buildings becomes more difficult, as well. â€Å"Maintenance is needed more consistently because of year-round use of facilities; maintenance may become a problem because major repairs can no longer be done in the idle months of the summer,† (Clark). All of these changes also cost more money. â€Å"A single-track YRS program can actually cost more than the traditional program,† (Carter). The salaries of teachers rise, because they do not get a summer either. Schools that adopt the year-round calendar actually have to hire more staff, which means more salaries to pay. In the schools that use the multi-tracking system, more students attend the school, which also raises prices. As a mandatory level of society, changing the schedule of schools affects the whole town. Advocates of year-round schooling say that the change in schedule benefits families. It provides free childcare for parents during the summer. It also causes random breaks throughout the year. Having a three-week break every two months is the common strategy for year-round schools. How easy is it for parents to find a caregiver for their children on this schedule versus over the summer? The strange break system also makes it difficult for families to take vacations, particularly in schools that use the multi-tracking system, which can cause siblings to have Carter, Robin Lockett. The TraditionalShow MoreRelatedEvaluation Of A Research Topic Using Various Scientific Methods961 Words   |  4 Pagesmany ways to approach on solving a research topic using various scientific methods. Research methods are mainly use in decision making that guide the researchers to develop and test out their hypothesis to their study. Action research is a type of applied research that uses systemic approach to evaluate and observe countless solutions to a problem. Action research is most likely to be used in educational setting, where educators to find and use applicable information to solve and improve an issue inRead MoreSupervising Professional Interview Form.767 Words   |  4 Pagesinterview your Supervising Professional (over lunch or some other mutually comfortable time, keeping notes in your practicum notebook) and ask the following questions to help familiarize you with your practicum experience. The Supervising Professional should not be expected to complete this form - rather this form has been designed to provide you with an outline of thought provoking questions to facilitate conversation regarding philosophy, and evaluation/intervention practices.  · What formal assessmentRead MoreStudent Athletes726 Words   |  3 Pageshand, people argue that grade point average standards for Division One athletes are appropriate for their demanding schedules. On the other hand, others claim that the standards are too low and unfair to academically advanced students. Throughout high school, every student, not just athletes, is faced with demanding and challenging workloads. But are student athletes demanding schedules an excuse to not meet academic excellence? In order to be eligible for Division One college athletic recruitment,Read MoreWhy School Should Start Later1056 Words   |  5 Pages School start times should be later because school times should revolve around the student’s best ability to learn. When America started public schools, they had the same time frame, around seven to three. They did this so the farmers would have time to go and work in the afternoon. Well, needless to say we still have the same schedule now, with a much different industry and way of life. There are countless reasons schools should start later and countless studies that prove school should startRead MoreFex Mod Essay1122 Words   |  5 Pagesgraduate. Students also feel they can complete shorter certifications of welding and nursing when compared to other four-year degrees. This school year the district implemented Flex Mod schedules for teachers and students. This type of schedules allows students to have ILT, Independent Learning Time, where they can socialize or work on school work. If a student’s grades fall below a 70 they are put into Mandatory Learning Time once a week with the they are having trouble in. After two weeks if theirRead MoreQuestions and Answers: Is Outsourcing More Beneficial than Hiring Local Staff?623 Words   |  3 Pagesown staff within a school. In this research task I will focus specifically on investigating this question within the environment of an ISASA school and the outsourced elements, and the duties they fulfil, such as: the IT Department, auxiliary staff such as cleaners, as well as the security provided around the school. Within this research it will be determined whether or not outsourcing is a better option than permanent employment as well as the various pros and cons. 2. Why should we know about thisRead MoreBringing Back the Five Year High School Program900 Words   |  4 PagesBringing Back the Five Year High School Program For many teens, their four years of high school have been a memorable and transforming experience, but for others, high school was just another brick building keeping them from the real world. But what if another year of education was added back to the four year program and it assisted students with their high school experience? Since 2003, Toronto high schools have removed the fifth year of the high school program but people have spoken about bringingRead MoreDochel Case Study741 Words   |  3 Pages Navigating ESOL: Program and Procedures for Better Student Outcomes The course DoDEA New ESOL Teacher Professional Development course could not have come at a better time. This school year proved to have many ongoing changes along with some unexpected changes in the ESOL timeline, e.g., the late arrival of LAS Links Assessment scores and F10 forms (2007 ESL DoDEA Guide). The course title is misleading in the fact that several of the ESOL teachers that took the course are experienced ESOL teachersRead MoreUnit 21276 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Unit 2 : Working in the Science Industry Walworth Academy Science Department Course title: BTEC National Extended Diploma in Applied Science Tutor name: Assignment 2.1 : Procedures used in the Laboratory Ref: Learner name Start date: Deadline date: Unit : (10 Credits) Scenario You are a publicist for a technician training organisation. You have been given the job of producing a prospectus into the work of a science technician focussing on methods of communicationRead MoreReturning to School1026 Words   |  5 PagesReturning to School Candy Griggs ENG 121 English Composition I Prof. Matthew Bamberg November 1, 2012 Returning to school was a big decision for me, although it was a rather hasty one. I have wanted to return for many years to seek an actual degree; however I just didn’t have the motivation. Being turned down for a promotion gave me the motivation I needed. There are obstacles and lifestyle changes for anyone returning to school. The issue is how you handle them and looking toward the benefits

`` Requiem For The American Dream `` The 10 Principles...

Could the American Dream not be what it used to? In an opinion piece titled Requiem for the American Dream; The 10 Principles of Concentration of Wealth Power published by Seven Stories Press (2017), American political activist and notable social critic Noam Chomsky discusses how the American Dream is not what it used to be and argues that the reason for this is because the rich control the United States. Chomsky supports this claim by acknowledging that the wealthy and powerful created American government so they will always be in control, identifying that ordinary people can create power when they come together, and finally by discussing problems about inequality. Chomsky’s purpose is to show how the American society is controlled by†¦show more content†¦One of the main claims Chomsky states in his book is that the wealthy and powerful created American government so they will always be in control and it restricts people who are not part of this one percent. To jus tify this Chomsky uses different types of evidence like the U.S. constitution, excerpts from Adam Smith, and ideas for James Madison. â€Å"...nevertheless felt that the United States system should be designed, so that power rests in the hands of the wealthy.† (pg. 1) This quote proves that, from the beginning and throughout history, the wealthy, powerful and elite society have created a system so they are always in power and people who aren’t a part of the elite struggle to achieve powerful status. As well as using extensive amounts of evidence Chomsky uses rhetorical strategies to convince the readers that he is right. Loaded language, comparing and contrasting, and cause and effect are some of the strategies he uses. He uses loaded language to evoke strong emotions in the reader, he compares James Madison’s writing of the Constitution to our government system now which presents the idea that it hasn’t changed, and he shows that the writing of the Const itution caused the wealthy to be in charged and we are still affected by this today. Chomsky uses these rhetorical strategies and evidence to verify his claim that the wealthy and powerful created American government so they will always be in control and it restricts people who are not part of thisShow MoreRelatedThe American Dream : The 10 Principles Of Concentration Of Wealth And Power1291 Words   |  6 PagesCould the American Dream not be what it used to? In an opinion piece titled Requiem for the American Dream: The 10 Principles of Concentration of Wealth Power (2017), American political activist and notable social critic Noam Chomsky discusses how the American Dream is dead and not what it used to be and argues that the reason for this is because the rich control the United States. Chomsky supports this claim by acknowledging that the wealthy and powerful created an American government so theyRead MoreIs The American Dream Just A Myth? Essay2210 Words   |  9 Pages17 No vember 2016 Is the American Dream Just a Myth? Over the years this belief has changed its meaning to describe the United States as a land of equal opportunities. Through the American Dream, all men are equal to pursue their dreams and opportunities through hard work by being presented with an equal opportunity. This belief, therefore, means that if Americans work hard to achieve what they want, then they can get it. However, in the past few decades, the American Dream has grown to become a myth

Essay on Same-Sex Parenting - 1442 Words

Same-Sex Parenting Since the early 1900s, homosexual people have become increasingly popular and greatly resisted. People that are homosexual face barriers placed upon them by the political system and society. Due to these challenges, homosexuals fought to have the same marital and parental rights as heterosexual people. Same-sex adoption is not prohibited in most states in the United States of America and many places worldwide. Family is not determined solely on blood relations and should be legalized in all parts of the world; because homosexual parents are just as good as heterosexual parents, if not better, and can provide an enriching second chance for many children waiting to be adopted. Homosexual parents exhibit parenting†¦show more content†¦These desires will translate into parenting by a homosexual person or couple because when their child is experiencing an internal conflict, whether it is about self-identity or sexual orientation; a homosexual parent will be able to sympathize and relate to the child more because they have experienced it as well, thus, making the child feel comfortable to talk to their parent and feel understood. Many heterosexual parents fail in this aspect and make their child feel disconnected from them because many heterosexual parents are usually not open to these types of issues. Children of homosexual parents feel less pressure placed on them from gender stereotypes. After all, homosexuals do not fall into traditional gender roles so they would have fewer expectations on the children to act like their biological gender role than a heterosexual parent would. For example, I was waiting in line at an event and there was a mother waiting with her children as well, a girl and a younger boy. The girl took a toy away from the boy and he began crying. The mother became annoyed by his crying and yelled at him â€Å"STOP CRYING LIKE A LITTLE GIRL!† The little boy became sadder but stopped crying shortly after. By the mother making that comment to her son she took away his opportunity to be himself and express his emotions as a human being. Society has been determined crying as an act for girls and discourage it in boys because it makes them â€Å"weak.† A homosexual parent would be less likelyShow MoreRelatedSame Sex Marriage And Parenting999 Words   |   4 PagesSame-Sex Marriage and Parenting Same-sex marriage and same-sex parenting are comparatively new controversial topics in today’s world and its â€Å"mainstream† morality. I was not exposed to any homosexual â€Å"lifestyle† while growing up. While I know that I am firmly traditional in my theological views, nevertheless, I firmly believe that traditional marriage and traditional parenting are devotional commitments between a man and a woman. Therefore, same-sex marriage and same-sex parenting are to me, issuesRead MoreSame Sex Marriage And Parenting938 Words   |  4 PagesSame-Sex Marriage and Parenting Gay and lesbian couples wish to get married for many of the equivalent reasons that heterosexual couples wish to for love, constant companionship, and to create a nuclear family environment. A survey of same-sex marriage and same-sex parenting reveals several challenges facing gay and lesbian couples, most noticeable being the stereotyping their lifestyles, parenting, and gay beliefs. In the United States, marriage egalitarianism has started to structure itself.Read MoreStudies on Same-Sex Parenting556 Words   |  2 Pagesthat have legalized same sex marriage, and currently Thirty-three states that have banned same sex marriage. For the states that have legalized gay marriage have been juried by Court Decision, State Legislature and popular vote. As for the states that have banned legalized marriage that has been ruled by the constitutional amendment and state laws. Unions have been discussed up how legalization can be justified in states. Not even just U.S citizens want legalization in the same sex marriage but politiciansRead MoreSame Sex Parenting and Children Essay1639 Words   |  7 Pagesrelation may affect the welfare of a child’s upbringing. The prospect of a nontraditional upbringing in a same-sex partnership, or marriage ought to be a problem when raising children. Some feel that there is no real negative influence that this form of parenting has on a child. Politics has raised concern, but there is a limited amount of research in this area to corroborate this concern. Should same-sex marriage be an issue when raising children? Some states such as Massachusetts, Vermont, and ConnecticutRead MoreThe Debate Over Same Sex Parenting1435 Words   |  6 Pages The debate over same-sex parenting and same sex couples being capable of raising healthy children in the United States is a contentious one, speakers on both sides continue to work hard to have their voices heard. Some believe that being raised by same sex couples will cause the children to pursue same sex relationships in the future. The supreme court has been working towards equality and listening to arguments on the rights for same-sex couples to not only marry but to adopt and raise childrenRead MoreSame Sex Parenting is Just as Effective as Straight Parenting997 Words   |  4 Pages Same Sex Parenting is Just as Effective as Straight Parenting Imagine a child in an adoption center, he’s lonely and doesnt have friends and longs for a loving family since his past family decided to put him up for adoption. Then there is a same sex couple wishing to be able to adopt a child so their family can be complete, but sadly the same sex couple can’t adopt the child because of anti-gay groups that frown upon it. Think about it this way, would you rather have a sad and lonely childRead More Same Sex Parenting and Adoption Essay1902 Words   |  8 PagesAdoption for same sex couples is a very controversial topic in Family Law, and often same sex couples face many unique issues if they wish to adopt. Many states have different laws that apply for gay and lesbian adoption, as opposed to heterosexual couples. Several states also have special rules that apply when a child is born into a gay or lesbian partnership. Gay and lesbian couples may sometimes opt to bring a child into their lives through conception and birth as well. For a lesbian couple, thisRead MoreImpact Of Same Sex Parenting On Gender Identity Disorders1969 Words   |  8 PagesRESEARCH PAPER â€Å"Impact of Same-Sex parenting on Gender Identity Disorders in adolescence† INTRODUCTION: Same-sex parenting will always face the two different concepts: one considering it lawful, plain and simple and the other opposing it as a matter of morality. Same-sex couples can never be equivalent to heterosexual couples in terms of legality, outcomes and even children as homosexuals lack the ability to give birth to children due to which they refer to joint adoptions mostly. Many countriesRead MoreThe Issue Of Same Sex Parenting1153 Words   |  5 PagesPaper Same-Sex Parenting ​Homosexuality has been a sensitive subject in this society for generations; it has been repelled against and condemned because it is considered to be sin-natured to certain traditions and religions. In the past several years, gay rights have been a controversial topic in many areas of the public and court rooms. More recently, the debate about gays having the right or ability to parent has become an increasingly popular topic, especially with same-sex marriage being legalizedRead MoreSame Sex Parenting And Parents Essay975 Words   |  4 PagesThis paper discusses same-sex parenting and some of the situations they have experienced. I will be discussing how this same sex pair handles family life, their demographics in relation to class material and Family Systems Theory as well as personal and professional application in their situation. There are a number of same sex parents in society today. Same sex families are no different from other families, but there are a few uniq ue challenges that occasionally arise. Same sex parents still have

Why Did the American Banking System Fail - 2387 Words

1. Introduction To understand the development and the impact of the financial crisis, the following paragraph gives a general overview about the timeline of the financial crisis and the series of reactions which caused, at the end, the failure of the American banking system and led to a worldwide economic downturn with the result of the global economic crisis. The topic of this paper is the failure of the American banking system, but as the banking systems of the whole world are interdependent, the whole situation and the whole crisis has to be investigated. 2. Timeline of the economic downturn As a result of the declining U.S. house prices in 2006 and 2007, refinancing became more difficult and as adjustable-rate mortgages began to†¦show more content†¦It is hard to identify only one responsible party or institution, it is more a complex interaction of ignorance, megalomania and greed which lead to the collapse of the American and international banking system. 4. The dream of owning a house The â€Å"American Dream† of owning an own house can be stated as one basic issue leading to the financial crisis. The issue is that banks borrowed money to individuals and families who had a relatively low income. This was possible because the interest rates were low and at the beginning, they did not even have to pay any interests. This fact allowed even poorer families to afford their own houses. This system worked well for a long time, because interest rates were low and house prices were growing steadily. This system of lending money from a bank and paying very low interest rates also worked in other areas despite the housing sector. But this system was predicted to fail at a certain moment. Interest rates began to increase and many of the house owners could not pay the money back which they borrowed from the banks. As a result, many house owners had to sell their houses which led to decreasing house prices on the market. The major problem in this vicious circle was that the banks partly had sold their outstanding receivables of their own clients to investment banks and funds. As some house owners could not pay their money back, this caused a mistrust amongst severalShow MoreRelatedThe History And Future Of The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation900 Words   |  4 Pagesimportant to understand why and how it was created, its history, major responsibilities and who the leaders are. FDIC Creation and History After the Stock Market Crash of 1929, Americans immediately withdrew their money from banks, causing numerous bank failures all over the nation. Multiple bank panics in 1930 and 1931 increased the severity of the Stock Market Crash and turned it into the Great Depression. As panic spread, money withdrawal did too, leading to an unstable banking system. Between 1929 andRead MoreArguments for and Against Complex Regulation in Banking Essay1121 Words   |  5 Pagesmaster everything and put as much limits as they can to avoid crisis. Yet, it cannot be denied that among the sectors â€Å"affected† by regulation, the area of banking is one of the most important. In an original speech pronounced in August 2012, Andrew Haldane, the director of the Bank of England denounced a too much complicated regulation in banking. If Haldane admits that the regulation is inevitable, it remains that a complex regulation is sometimes useless. Haldane’s speech entitled â€Å"The dog and the Read MoreThe Federal Open Market Committee1313 Words   |  6 Pages Abstract The Federal Reserve System has three branches: the Board of Governors, The Federal Open Market Committee, and Reserve Banks. The Federal Reserve System (Fed) supplies and regulates America’s money to all the banks. The Board of Governors is the main authority of the three branches of the Fed, and it supervises other banks. The Federal Open Market Committee is the most prominent policymaker of the three branches and regulates the supply of money in the economy. Federal ReserveRead MoreBank Regulations : The Backbone Of The U.s. Economy1102 Words   |  5 PagesTherefore, we live in a system that affects us every day. Banks have certain requirements and instruments that help them stay open and be profitable. In the 1990s, interstate banking was finally permitted to create nationwide banks of unprecedented size. Congress s also attempted to force banks to make home loans to people who had limited creditworthiness. These regulations are a major factor in why as many banks failing and disappearing today as we did pre Federal Reserve System. Bank regulations areRead MoreAnalysis Of Paulo Freire s The Banking Concept Of Education905 Words   |  4 Pagesessay â€Å"The Banking Concept of Education,† Paulo Freire Explains his view of the educational system. His essay is primarily based on two types of educational methods, which are the â€Å"banking education† and the â€Å"problem-posing education†. Banking education resists the communication between the student and the teacher, and it does not encourage critical thinking. Problem-posing education gives the students liberation to dialogue and encourages critical thinking. In this essay, I will explain why I promoteRead MoreThe Great Depression And The Glass Steagall Act1683 Words   |  7 PagesHenry Lehman and his two brothers Emanuel and Mayer in 1850. Lehman Brothers was able to overcome many obstacles– â€Å"the railroad bankruptcies of the 1800s, the Great Depression of the 1930s, two world wars, a capital shortage when it was spun off by American Express in 1994, and the Long Term Capital Management collapse and Russian debt default of 1998.† (Investopedia) But the collapse of the housing market was one obstacle they could not overcome. During the Great Depression the Glass-Steagall Act wasRead MoreThe Financial And Banking System Of The Standard Chartered Bank Iranian Transaction Scandal1466 Words   |  6 PagesThe Financial and Banking System of: Standard Chartered Bank Iranian Transaction Scandal Presented In Partial Fulfillment of the Course Requirements for FIN 4634 International Banking Prepared for: Marcos A. Kerbel Participating Adjunct Professor Department of Finance Real Estate Florida International University Miami, Florida Prepared by: Deyved Massaad 3316868 786-266-1849 dmass019@fiu.edu 10/05/2015 †¢ What are ethics and their importance in global banking and business todayRead MoreGlass Steagall Act For Banks And Securities1549 Words   |  7 Pages Glass-Steagall Act for Banks and Securities The banking and securities industries had regulations since the 1930s or earlier. The laws were there to help regulate and give depositors some security. For one reason or another, the law has been changed, updated or appealed. The Banking Act of 1933, known as the Glass–Steagall Act named after the Congressional sponsors: Senator Carter Glass, a former Treasury Secretary and Senator Henry Steagall (Heakal). The Glass-Steagall Act foresaw problemsRead MoreThe Great Recession Of 20081388 Words   |  6 Pages The great recession of 2008 affected everyone around the world. The great Recession is considered the second worst economic crisis in American history, behind the Great Depression. The Recession of 2008 was caused by two major faults: the use of subprime lending and changes in banking culture leaning towards self interest within the banking industry. There is no doubt that subprime lending was a major cause of the Recession. It was a tactic used by investment banks in order to get more moneyRead MoreToo Big to Fail Essay732 Words   |  3 Pages1. (Up to about 25:00) Why did Henry Paulson have to call all the CEOs to make a private sector deal? What deal? Why did Henry Paulson think that the private sector solution was necessary? Explain from the point of the idea of Moral Hazard. The taxpayers would not be willing to go for another bailout therefore trying to fix this issue with a private sector deal seemed a better fit for this situation. The deal would assemble all the major banks CEOs in a room and they would have

Night World Daughters of Darkness Chapter 1 Free Essays

string(27) " Remember what we decided\." Rowan, Kestrel, and Jade,† Mary-Lynnette said as she and Mark passed the old Victorian farmhouse. â€Å"Huh?† â€Å"Rowan. And Kestrel. We will write a custom essay sample on Night World : Daughters of Darkness Chapter 1 or any similar topic only for you Order Now And Jade. The names of thegirls who’re moving in.† Mary-Lynnette tilted herhead toward the farmhouse-her hands were full of lawn chair. â€Å"They’re Mrs. Burdock’s nieces. Don’t you remember I told you they were coming to live with her?† â€Å"Vaguely,† Mark said, readjusting the weight of the telescope he was carrying as they trudged up the manzanita-covered hill. He spoke shortly, which Mary-Lynnette knew meant he was feeling shy. â€Å"They’re pretty names,† she said. â€Å"And they must be sweet girls, because Mrs. Burdock said so.† â€Å"Mrs. Burdock is crazy.† â€Å"She’s just eccentric. And yesterday she told meher nieces are all beautiful. I mean, I’m sure she’s prejudiced and everything, but she was pretty definite. Each one of them gorgeous, each one a completely different type.† â€Å"So they should be going to California,† Mark saidin an almost-inaudible mutter. â€Å"They should be posing for Vogue.Where do you want this thing?† he added as they reached the top of the hill. â€Å"Right here.† Mary-Lynnette put the lawn chairdown. She scraped some dirt away with her foot so the telescope would sit evenly. Then she said casually, â€Å"You know, I thought maybe we could go over there tomorrow and introduce ourselves-sort of welcome them, you know†¦.† â€Å"Will you cut itout?†Mark said tersely. â€Å"I can organize my own life. If I want to meet a girl, I’ll meet a girl. I don’t need help.† â€Å"Okay, okay. You don’t need help. Be careful withthat focuser tube-â€Å" â€Å"And besides, what are we going to say?† Mark said, on a roll now. â€Å"‘Welcome to Briar Creek, where nothing ever happens. Where there are more coyotes than people. Where if you really want some excitement you can ride into town and watch theSaturday night mouse racing at the Gold Creek Bar†¦.'† â€Å"Okay. Okay.† Mary-Lynnette sighed. She-looked at her younger brother, who just at the moment was illuminated by the last rays of sunset. To see him now, you’d think he’d never been sick a day in hislife. His hair was as dark and shiny as Mary Lynnette’s, his eyes were as blue and clear and snapping. He had the same healthy tan as she did; thesame glow of color in his cheeks. But when he’d been a baby, he’d been thin andscrawny and every breath had been a challenge.His asthma had been so bad he’d spent most of his second year in an oxygen tent, fighting to stay alive. Mary-Lynnette, a year and a half older, had won dered every day if her baby brother would ever come home. It had changed him, being alone in that tent whereeven their mother couldn’t touch him. When hecame out he was shy and clingy-holding on to theirmother’s arm all the time. And for years he hadn’tbeen able to go out for sports like the other kids. That was all a long time ago-Mark was going to bea junior in high school this year-but he was still shy. And when he got defensive, he bit people’s heads off. Mary-Lynnette wished one of the new girls would be right for him, draw him out a bit, give him confidence. Maybe she could arrange it somehow†¦. â€Å"What are you thinking about?† Mark asked suspiciously. Mary-Lynnette realized he was staring at her. â€Å"About how the seeing’s going to be really good tonight,† she said blandly. â€Å"August’s the best month for starwatching; the air’s so warm and still. Hey,there’s the first star-you can make a wish.† She pointed to a bright point of light above the southern horizon. It worked; Mark was distracted and looked, too. Mary-Lynnette stared at the back of his dark head.If it would do any good, I’d wish for romance for you, she thought. I’d wish it for myself, too-but what would be the point? There’s nobody around here to be romantic with. None of the guys at school–except maybe JeremyLovett-understood why she was interested in as tronomy, or what she felt about the stars. Most ofthe time Mary-Lynnette didn’t care-but occasionally she felt a vague ache in her chest. A longing to †¦ share. If she hadwished, it would have been for that, for someone to share the night with. Oh, well. It didn’t help to dwell on it. And besides,although she didn’t want to tell Mark, what they were wishing on was the planet Jupiter, and not a star at all. Mark shook his head as he tramped down the path that wound through buckbrush and poison hemlock. He should have apologized to Mary-Lynnette beforeleaving-he didn’t like being nasty to her. In fact, she was the one person he usually tried to be decent to. But why was she always trying to fix him? To the point of wishing on stars. And Mark hadn’t really made a wish, anyway. He’d thought, if I was making a wish, which I’m not because it’s hokey and stupid, it would be for some excitement around here. Something wild, mark thought-and felt an innershiver as he hiked downhill in the gathering darkness. Jade stared at the steady, brilliant point of lightabove the southern horizon. It was a planet, she knew. For the last two nights she’d seen it moving across the sky, accompanied by tiny pinpricks of light that must be its moons. Where she came from, nobody was in the habit of wishing on stars, but this planet seemed like a friend-a traveler, just like her. As Jade watched it tonight, she felt a sort of concentration of hope rise inside her. Almost awish. Jade had to admit that they weren’t off to a very promising start. The night air was too quiet; there wasn’t the faintest sound of a car coming. She wastired and worried and beginning to be very, very hungry. Jade turned to look at her sisters. â€Å"Well, where is she?† â€Å"I don’t know,† Rowan said in her most doggedly gentle voice. â€Å"Be patient.† â€Å"Well, maybe we should scan for her. â€Å"No,† Rowan said. â€Å"Absolutely not. Remember what we decided. You read "Night World : Daughters of Darkness Chapter 1" in category "Essay examples"† â€Å"She’s probably forgotten we were coming,† Kestrel said. â€Å"I told you she was getting senile.† â€Å"Don’t saythings like that. It’s not polite,† Rowan said, still gentle, but through her teeth. Rowan was always gentle when she could manageit. She was nineteen, tall, slim, and stately. She had cinnamon-brown eyes and warm brown hair that cascaded down her back in waves. Kestrel was seventeen and had hair the color of old gold sweeping back from her face like a bird’s wings. Her eyes were amber and hawklike, and she was never gentle. Jade was the youngest, just turned sixteen, and she didn’t look like either of her sisters. She had white-blond hair that she used as a veil to hide behind, and green eyes. People said she looked serene, but she almost never felt serene. Usually she was either madly excited or madly anxious and confused. Right now it was anxious. She was worried about her battered, half-century-old Morocco leather suitcase. She couldn’t hear a thing from inside it. 00 â€Å"Hey, why don’t you two go down the road a little way and see if she’s coming?† Her sisters looked back at her. There were few things that Rowan and Kestrel agreed on, but Jade was one of them. She could see that they were about to team up against her. â€Å"Now what?† Kestrel said, her teeth showing just briefly. And Rowan said, â€Å"You’re up to something. What are you up to, Jade?† Jade smoothed her thoughts and her face out and just looked at them artlessly. She hoped. They stared back for a few minutes, then looked at each other, giving up. â€Å"We’re going to have to walk, you know,† Kestrel said to Rowan. â€Å"There are worse things than walking,† Rowansaid. She pushed a stray wisp of chestnut-colored hair off her forehead and looked around the bus stationwhich consisted of a three-sided, glass-walled cubicle,and the splintering wooden bench. â€Å"I wish there was a telephone.† â€Å"Well, there isn’t. And it’s twenty miles to BriarCreek,† Kestrel said, golden eyes glinting with a kind of grim enjoyment. â€Å"We should probably leave our bags here.† Alarm tingled through Jade. â€Å"No, no. I’ve got allmy–all my clothes in there. Come on, twenty milesisn’t so far.† With one hand she picked up her cat carrier-it was homemade, just boards and wiresand with the other she picked up the suitcase. She got quite a distance down the road before she heard the crunch of gravel behind her. They were following: Rowan sighing patiently, Kestrel chuckling softly, her hair shining like old gold in the starlight. The one-lane road was dark and deserted. But notentirely silent there were dozens of tiny night sounds, all adding up to one intricate, harmonizing night stillness. It would have been pleasant, except that Jade’s suitcase seemed to get heavier with everystep, and she was hungrier than she had ever beenbefore. She knew better than to mention it to Rowan, but it made her feel confused and weak. Just when she was beginning tothink she would have to put the suitcase down and rest, she heard a new sound. It was a car, coming from behind them. The engine was so loud that it seemed to take a long time to get close to them, but when it passed, Jade saw that itwas actually going very fast. Then there was a rattling of gravel and the car stopped. It backed up and Jade saw a boy looking through the window at her. There was another boy in the passenger seat. Jade looked at them curiously. They seemed to be about Rowan’s age, and theywere both deeply tanned. The one in the driver’s seat had blond hair and looked as if he hadn’t washed ina while. The other one had brown hair. He was wear ing a vest with no shirt underneath. He had a toothpick in his mouth. They both looked back at Jade, seeming just as curious as she was. Then the driver’s window slid down. Jade was fascinated by how quickly it went. â€Å"Need a ride?† the driver said, with an oddly bright smile. His teeth shone in contrast to his dingy face. Jade looked at Rowan and Kestrel, who were just catching up. Kestrel said nothing, but looked at the car through narrow, heavy-lashed amber eyes. Rowan’s brown eyes were very warm. â€Å"We sure would,† she said, smiling. Then, doubtfully, â€Å"But we’re going to Burdock Farm. It may be out of your way†¦.† â€Å"Oh, hey, I know that place. It’s not far,† the onein the vest said around his toothpick. â€Å"Anyway, anything for a lady,† he said, with what seemed to be an attempt at gallantry. He opened his door and got out of the car. â€Å"One of you can sit up front, and I can sit in back with the other two. Lucky me, huh?† he said to the driver. â€Å"Lucky you,† the driver said, smiling largely again. He opened his door, too. â€Å"You go on and put that cat carrier in front, and the suitcases can go in the trunk,† he said. Rowan smiled at Jade, and Jade knew what she was thinking. Iwonder if everybody out here is so friendly? They distributed their belongings and thenpiled in the car, Jade in the front with the driver, Rowan and Kestrel in the back on either side of the vested guy. A minute later they were flying downthe road at what Jade found a delightful speed, gravel crunching beneath the tires. â€Å"I’m Vic,† the driver said. â€Å"I’m Todd,† the vested guy said. Rowan said, â€Å"I’m Rowan, and this is Kestrel. That’sJade up there.† â€Å"You girls friends?† â€Å"We’re sisters,† Jade said. â€Å"You don’t look like sisters.† â€Å"Everybody says that.† Jade meant everybody theyhad met since they’d run away. Back home, everybodyknew they were sisters, so nobody said it. â€Å"What are you doing out here so late?† Vic asked. â€Å"It’s not the place for nice girls.† â€Å"We’re not nice girls,† Kestrel explained absently. â€Å"We’re trying to be,† Rowan said reprovingly through her teeth. To Vic, she said, â€Å"We were waiting for our great-aunt Opal to pick us up at the bus stop, but she didn’t come. We’re going to live at Burdock Farm.† â€Å"Old lady Burdock is your aunt?† Todd said, removing his toothpick. â€Å"That crazy old bat?† Vic turned around to look at him, and they both laughed and shook their heads. Jade looked away from Vic. She stared down at the cat carrier, listening for the little squeaking noises that meant Tiggy was awake. She felt just slightly †¦ uneasy. She sensed something. Even though these guys seemed friendly, there was something beneath the surface. But she was toosleepy-and too light-headed from hunger-to figure out exactly what it was. Rowan was still looking polite and puzzled, but Kestrel looked at the car door on her side thoughtfully. Jade knew what she was looking for-a handle.There wasn’t one. â€Å"Too bad,† Vic said. â€Å"This car’s a real junkheap; you can’t even open the back doors from inside.† He grabbed Jade’s upper arm so hard she could feel pressure on the bone. â€Å"Now, you girls just be nice and nobody’s going to get hurt.† They seemed to drive a long time beforeVic spoke again. â€Å"You girls ever been to Oregon before?† Jade blinked and murmured a negative. â€Å"It’s got some pretty lonely places,† Vic said. â€Å"Outhere, for example. Briar Creek was a gold rush town, but when the gold ran out and the railroad passed it by, it just died. Now the wilderness is taking it back.† His tone was significant, but Jade didn’t understand what he was trying to convey. â€Å"It does seem peaceful;† Rowan said politely from the backseat. Vic made a brief snorting sound. â€Å"Yeah, well, peaceful wasn’t exactly what I meant. I meant, take this road. These farmhouses are miles apart, right? Ifyou screamed, there wouldn’t be anyone to hearyou.† Jade blinked. What a strange thing to say. Rowan, still politely making conversation, said, â€Å"Well, you and Todd would.† â€Å"I mean, nobody else,† Vic said, and Jade could feel his impatience. He had been driving more and more slowly. Now he pulled the car off to the side of the road and stopped. Parked. â€Å"Nobody outthere is going to hear,† he clarified,turning around to look into the backseat. Jade looked, too, and saw Todd grinning, a wide bright grin with teeth clenched on his toothpick. â€Å"That’s right,† Todd said. â€Å"You’re out here alone with us, so maybe you’d better listen to us, huh?† Jade saw that he was gripping Rowan’s arm with one hand and Kestrel’s wrist with the other. How to cite Night World : Daughters of Darkness Chapter 1, Essay examples

Accounting Principles

Questions: 1.Explain the Accounting Entity Assumption. 2.What is Fixed Asset Register and Why does a Company need to maintain an Assets Register?3.Explain the Function of a Journal in the Accounting Process.4.What is the Journal Entry used if the Company sold an Asset with a loss? 5.Explain unearned Income with an example. When should a Company recognize Income? 6.Give two more examples of the balance day adjustments a Company should record before issuing the Final Financial Report at end of Accounting Periods? 7.Why would a Business determine an amount for Doubtful Debts and outline the steps that could be taken to Calculate the Allowance. 8.Prepare the adjustment entry as of 30/06/2012 under the following: A.On 27 of June 2012, the company paid last weeks wag Wages that are due and not paid: 28th of June 1200 29th of June 1450 30th of June weekend, no wages B.Rent paid on 1/12/11 for one year $12,000 net of GST, the Company Accountant recorded all Payment as Expense on 1/12/1 C.The Company is required to issue a bank guarantee for one year, bank withheld $20,000 on 31/12/2011 from the Company Bank Account with Interest of 4.5% that will be calculated monthly and will be paid at the maturity date. D.On 30/04/12, the Company signed a monthly maintenance service contract for $500 each month; the company policy is to receive the 1st six months in adva The company received $3000 on 30th of April 2012. Company accountant recorded the following entry on the 30th of April: E. According to the Balance Sheet, the Inventory was $223,500. At the end of the financial year stock take, you have been advised that the Inventory value is only $210,000.F. On 30/06/2012, the Company aged receivables which have a total of $306, The Company estimated 2% of 90 days receivable and 10% of over 90 days will not be able to be collected. 9.Prepare Journal Entries for Disposal of Fixed Assets 10.Prepare the Deprecation Schedule for the life of the Asset. 11.Record the Depreciation Journal Entries at the end of Financial Year for year 1 only. Answers: 1.Accounting Entity Assumption: Accounting entity assumption depicts that all the departments or division of the business must be separate from each other. This helps an organization to analyze the cash flow of each department and it is important for an organization in relation to reporting the data and accountability purpose (Albrecht, Stice, Stice and Swain, 2007). 2.Fixed Asset Register: Fixed asset register is a list of all the assets of an organization that belongs to all the separate divisions of the company. This register is prepared by the company to keep a track on all the fixed assets. It shows the assets value, acquisition date and other necessary details for computing the depreciation and tax purpose. Requirement of Fixed Asset Register: Every organization has to maintain a fixed asset register for knowing the condition of every asset. It helps the company to prevent loss and theft and assets maintenance could extend the assets life (Needles and Crosson, 2007). Company even can enjoy the tax benefits with the help of this register. In some countries, it is statutory for the companies to maintain it. 3.Functions of Journal: Journal is a book in accounting which provides the original entry for all the transactions firstly. It is the prime entry book. The main functions of journal are as follows: To analyze all the transactions and their debit and credit To enable the posting of all the transaction into ledger To arrange all the transactions, in order of chronologically date (Hirschey, 2008). 4.Journal Entry: Cash A/c Dr. XXX Accumulated Depreciation a/c Dr. XXX To Loss on Sale Of assets XXX To Assets A/c XXX (Being Assets Sold and loss Occurred) 5.Unearned Income: Unearned income occurs when an organization gets money before the amount is earned. Income received before service is provided or goods is sold, called unearned income. It is current liability of the company till the time it is recognized earned income (Brigham and Ehrhardt, 2016). Example: a company asks its client for an extra payment before delivering the services is called unearned income. Recognize Income: A company can recognize the income when following criteria has fulfilled: Collection probability Delivery is complete Price can be determines Persuasive evidence of all the arrangements. 6.Adjusting Entries: Accrual of Revenues: In this situation company has sold the goods but till the end of the accounting period, company didnt get any payment. In this situation the amount is shown into the current asset a/c (Davis and Davis, 2011). For example: Goods worth of 5000 has been sold to Robert on Dec,1 but he didnt make any payment till Dec 31. Deferrals of Expenses: In this situation company make some extra payments even before availing the services or buying the product. In this situation the amount is shown into the current asset a/c. For Example: Insurance amount has been given by the company for advance. 7.Doubtful Debts: Doubtful debts are those amounts when an organization found that organization is not able to collect the amount from the debtor. There can be many reasons behind this such as some disputes, delivery problem etc (Crosson, Powers and Needles, 2010). Steps: For calculating the doubtful debts through allowances method, the following steps must be followed: Gather all the information of accounts receivable Determine the estimation method Use a fix % of total sales Use risk analysis Use combined analysis Create a receivables against schedule 8.Adjustment Entries: Particulars L.F. Debit Credit Equipment A/c 120000 Disposal of Fixed Asset A/c 2000 Accumulated Depreciation a/c 72000 Cash A/c 50000 (Being asset sold on profit.) Motor Vehicle 80000 cash A/c 20000 Accumulated Depreciation a/c 40000 Disposal of Motor Vehicle 20000 (Being motor vehicle sole on loss.) Bank Interest A/c 450 accrued interest 450 (Being bank interest amount adjusted.) Income received in advance 1000 Maintenance 1000 (Being advance maintenance amount adjusted.) Loss on Inventory write off 13500 Inventory 13500 (Being inventory write off) Provision For Debtors 7600 Debtors 7600 (Being Provision for debtor a/c prepared.) 9. Particulars L.F. Debit Credit Equipment A/c 120000 Disposal of Fixed Asset A/c 2000 Accumulated Depreciation a/c 72000 Cash A/c 50000 (Being asset sold on profit.) Motor Vehicle 80000 cash A/c 20000 Accumulated Depreciation a/c 40000 Disposal of Motor Vehicle 20000 (Being motor vehicle sole on loss.) 10. Depreciation Schedule Opening Value Effective Life Scrap Value Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Assets Machinery 1750 5 250 300 300 300 300 300 Journal Entries Date Particulars L.F. Debit Credit Depreciation a/c 300 Machinery A/c 300 (Being Depreciation Charged) 11. Machinery Opening value 8500 Effective Life 12 Scrap Value 2500 Depreciation: Year 1 1417 Year 2 1181 Year 3 984 Year 4 820 Year 5 683 Year 6 569 Year 7 474 Year 8 395 Year 9 329 Year 10 275 Year 11 229 Year 12 191 Book value of the cleaning equipment would be 8500-6128= 2372. Opening value 8500 Effective Life 12 Scrap Value 2500 Depreciation: Year 12 15.38% 1307.69231 Year 11 14.10% 1198.71795 Year 10 12.82% 1089.74359 Year 9 11.54% 980.769231 Year 8 10.26% 871.794872 Year 7 8.97% 762.820513 Year 6 7.69% 653.846154 Year 5 6.41% 544.871795 Year 4 5.13% 435.897436 Year 3 3.85% 326.923077 Year 2 2.56% 217.948718 Year 1 1.28% 108.974359 Journal Entries Date Particulars L.F. Debit Credit 2012 Jun-30 Depreciation a/c 653 Machinery A/c 653 (Being Depreciation Charged) References: Albrecht, W., Stice, J., Stice, E. and Swain, M. 2007.Accounting: Concepts and Applications. 10thed. Mason: Cengage Learning. Brigham, E.F. and Ehrhardt, M.C. 2016.Financial Management: Theory Practice. 15thed. Boston: Cengage Learning. Crosson, S.V., Powers, M., and Needles, B. E. 2010.Principals of Accounting. Financial Accounting Series. Boston: Cengage Learning. Davis, C.E. and Davis, E. 2011.Managerial Accounting. NY: John Wiley Sons. Hirschey, M. 2008.Fundamentals of Managerial Economics.9thed. Mason: Cengage Learning. Needles, B and Crosson, S. 2007.Managerial Accounting.Boston: CengageLearning. Company sold Equipment worth $120,000 for $50,000. Depreciation recorded at the rate of 20% yearly for 3 years. Motor vehicle purchased for $80,000 was sold for $20,000 after usage of 2 years at rate of 25% yearly

Chinese Economic Reform (4822 words) Essay Example For Students

Chinese Economic Reform (4822 words) Essay Chinese Economic ReformChinese Economic ReformTwo years after the death of Mao Zedong in 1976, it became apparent to many of Chinas leaders that economic reform was necessary. During his tenure as Chinas premier, Mao had encouraged social movements such as the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution, which had had as their base ideologies such as serving the people and maintaining the class struggle. By 1978 Chinese leaders were searching for a solution to serious economic problems produced by Hua Guofeng, the man who had succeeded Mao Zedong as Chinese Communist Party (CCP) leader after Maos death (Shirk 35). Hua had demonstrated a desire to continue the ideologically based movements of Mao. Unfortunately, these movements had left China in a state where agriculture was stagnant, industrial production was low, and the peoples living standards had not increased in twenty years (Nathan, Andrew J. Chinas Crisis pg. 200). This last area was particularly troubling. While the gross output value of industry and agriculture increased by 810 percent and national income grew by 420 percent between 1952 and 1980; average individual income increased by only 100 percent (Ma Hong quoted in Shirk, Susan L. The Political Logic of Economic Reform in China. Berkeley pg. 28). However, attempts at economic reform in China were introduced not only due to some kind of generosity on the part of the Chinese Communist Party to increase the populaces living standards. It had become clear to members of the CCP that economic reform would fulfill a political purpose as well since the party felt, properly it would seem that it had suffered a loss of support. As Susan L. Shirk describes the situation in The Political Logic of Economic Reform in China, restoring the CCPs prestige required improving economic performance and raising living standards. The traumatic experience of the Cultural Revolution had eroded popular trust in the moral and political virtue of the CCP. The partys leade rs decided to shift the base of party legitimacy from virtue to competence, and to do that they had to demonstrate that they could deliver the goods. This movement from virtue to competence seemed to mark a serious departure from orthodox Chinese political theory. Confucius himself had posited in the fifth century BCE that those individuals who best demonstrated what he referred to as moral force should lead the nation. Using this principle as a guide, China had for centuries attempted to choose at least its bureaucratic leaders by administering a test to determine their moral force. After the Communist takeover of the country, Mao continued this emphasis on moral force by demanding that Chinese citizens demonstrate what he referred to as correct consciousness. This correct consciousness could be exhibited, Mao believed, by the way people lived. Needless to say, that which constituted correct consciousness was often determined and assessed by Mao. Nevertheless, the ideal of moral fo rce was still a potent one in China even after the Communist takeover. It is noteworthy that Shirk feels that the Chinese Communist Party leaders saw economic reform as a way to regain their and their partys moral virtue even after Maos death. Thus, paradoxically, by demonstrating their expertise in a more practical area of competence, the leaders of the CCP felt they could demonstrate how they were serving the people. To be sure, the move toward economic reform came about as a result of a changed domestic and international environment, which altered the leaderships perception of the factors that affect Chinas national security and social stability (Xu, Zhiming. The Impact of Chinas Reform and Development on the Outside World. pg. 247). But Shirk feels that, in those pre-Tienenmen days, such a move came about also as a result of an attempt by CCP leaders to demonstrate, in a more practical and thus less obviously ideological manner than Mao had done, their moral force. This is not t o say that the idea of economic reform was embraced enthusiastically by all members of the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party in 1978. To a great extent, the issue of economic reform became politicized as the issue was used as a means by Deng Xiaoping to attain the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party. Maos successor, Hua Guofeng, had tried to prove himself a worthy successor to Mao by draping himself in the mantle of Maoist tradition. His approach to economic development was orthodox Maoism with an up-to-date, international twist (Shirk 35). This approach was tied heavily to the development of Chinas oil reserves. When, in 1978, estimates of the oil reserves were revised downward, commitments to import plants and expand heavy industry could not be sustained (Shirk 35). Deng took advantage of this economic crisis to discredit Hua and aim for leadership of the party. Reform policies became Dengs platform against Hua for post-Mao leadership (Shirk 36). Given this history of economic reform, it is evident that under the present system economic questions are necessarily political questions (Dorn, James A. Pricing and Property: The Chinese Puzzle. pg. 43). Once Deng and his faction had prevailed, it was necessary for some sort of economic reform to evolve. The initial form the new economy took was not a radical one. China was still a state in which the central government retained the dominant power in economic resource allocation and responsible local officials worked for the interest of the units under their control (Solinger, Dorothy J. Chinas Transition from Socialism: Statist Legacies and Market Reforms pg. 103). However, as time passed, some basic aspects of the old system were altered either by design or via the process of what might be called benign neglect. As Shirk points out, in rural areas, decollectivization was occurring: decision making power was being transferred from collective production units (communes, brigades, and teams) to the family (38); purchase prices for major farm products were increased (39). In 1985, further reforms were introduced. For example, long-term sales contracts between farmers and the government were established. In addition, in an effort to allow the market to determine prices, city prices of fruit and vegetables, fish, meat, and eggs, were freed from government controls so they could respond to market demand (Shirk 39). Most importantly, a surge of private and collective industry and commerce in the countryside (Shirk 39) occurred. This allowed a great percentage of the populace to become involved in private enterprise and investment in family or group ventures. The conditions also allowed rural Chinese to leave the villages and become involved in industry in urban centers (Shirk 40). The economy grew so quickly that inflation occurred and the government had to reinstitute price controls. Chinas economy retains these characteristics of potential for growthand inflationto this day. Another important aspect of Chinese economic reform was the decision of China to join the world economy. Deng Xiaoping and his allies hoped to effect this 1979 resolution in two ways: by expanding foreign trade, and by encouraging foreign companies to invest in Chinese enterprises. This policydenoted the Open Policy (Shirk 47)was a drastic removal from the policies of Mao Zedong and, in fact, from centuries of Chinese political culture. The Open Policy, which designated limited areas in China as places with preferential conditions for foreign investment and bases for the development of exports (Nathan 99), was extremely successful in the areas where it was implemented (Shirk 47). However, it was looked upon by many Chinese as nothing less than an avenue to economic dependency (Nathan 50). Indeed, when the policy was first implemented, many Chinese seemed to fear that Dengs policies were drawing China back toward its former semi-colonial status as a market where the imperi alist countries dump their goods, a raw material base, a repair and assembly workshop, and an investment center. (Nathan 51). It is interesting to note the symptoms of a national character that would subscribe to the above sentiment. In an article written in 1981, just two years after the Open Policy was first proposed, Andrew J. Nathan noted the almost pathological resistance to foreign intervention in the Chinese economy: Some Chinese fear that reliance on imported technology will encourage a dependent psychology Many Chinese perceive joint ventures as a costly form of acquisition. Some people worry: Wont we be suffering losses by letting foreigners make profits in our country? (52). The Chinese were as vociferous about issues of sovereignty. Nathan maintained that the Mao-led revolution, which culminated in victory in 1949, had been fueled by an intense patriotism: once China had stood up, no infringement on its sovereignty, no matter how small, should be permitted (53). These feelings were manifested in denying foreign businessmen long-term, multiple entry visas, resisting increased foreign economic contacts and alteration of current ways of doing things, and disinclination to become involved in government-to-government loans and joint ventures lest Chinese become exploited in some way (Nathan 53-55). Given these hesitancies on the part of the Chinese society vis-a-vis foreign relations, it is impressive that Deng and his allies were able initially to create and implement the Open Policy since many members of the society at large were resistant to becoming involved in a policy so antithetical to the Chinese national character. However, once the successes of the Open Policy were apparent, resistance to the plan by the populace waned. Moreover, given the confluence of politics and economics in China, it seems apparent that some members of the CCP would also not be in favor of the plan. Nevertheless, the Open Policy was implemented and has become instrument al in the success of the burgeoning Chinese economy. Kevlar EssayIt is striking that Feng spoke of the benefits that the populace has received as a result of the economic reform now occurring in China. That is, his comments appeared to demonstrate the beneficence, or the moral force, of the Chinese Communist Party vis-a-vis economic reform. He noted that such reform involves the essence of socialism: to liberate and develop productive forces; to eradicate exploitation; to remove polarization; and to attain the goal of common prosperity (Official on Economic Reform. Beijing Review: pg. 12). Thus, CCP leaders still appear to see their roles as representatives of a moral force. CCP members and leaders wish economic reform not to be judged on just its practical merits, but also as an effect of the moral force of the leadership. Economic reform, then, becomes nothing less than a moral crusade and it is thus easy to see why, for example, China has staked its national prestige on becoming a founding member of the World Trade Organization ( Gargan, pg. 14). Will China succeeds in taking its place among the nations of the world market? Will the CCP succeed in retaining its political power given the drastic changes in the societal makeup of China that are occurring due to the changing economic realities? I would suggest that the chances are better for the former than for the latter. Once the Chinese attain more sophistication relative to international and national markets, institute a more manageable banking system, and make a good faith effort to insure acceptable human rights, the country may well become the richest economy in the world within the next 25 years (Gilder pg. 372). However, whether or not these conditions can occur without a weakening of the state-controlled system is problematic. The most impressive and far-reaching display of moral force by the CCP may well have to be a voluntary reduction of its power over the people. Paradoxically, by weakening itself politically, the party may demonstrate its true mo ral force by liberating, politically and economically, one billion Chinese citizens. BibliographyWORKS CITEDBoeing Planning to Invest $100 Million for China Plant. New York Times: 9 August 1994, D4. Bradsher, Keith. Bill to Restrict Chinas Imports Loses inHouse. New York Times: 10 August 1994, A7. Cheung, Steven N.S. Privatization vs. Special Interests:The Experience of Chinas Economic Reforms. Economic Reform in China: Problems and Prospects. Ed. James A. Dorn and Wang Xi. Chicago: Universityof Chicago Press, 1990. 21-32. China cracks down on dissent after trade threat lifted,report says. Hartford Courant: 29 July 1994, A13. China Stock Is Most Active. New York Times: 5 August1994, D5. Dorn, James A. Pricing and Property: The ChinesePuzzle. Economic Reform in China: Problems andProspects. Ed. James A. Dorn and Wang Xi. Chicago:University of Chicago Press, 1990. 39-61. Du Pont Plans Increase In Chinese Investment. New YorkTimes: 10 August 1994, D2. Gargan, Edward A. U.S. May Thwart Chinas Trade Goal. New York Times: 24 July 1994, 14. Gilder, George. Let a Billion Flowers Bloom. Economic Reformin China: Problems and Prospects. Ed. JamesA. Dorn and Wang Xi. Chicago: University of ChicagoPress, 1990. 369-374. Hansell, Saul. Chinese Stock Markets Bounce Back, Rising30%. New York Times: 2 August 1994, D2. Nathan, Andrew J. Chinas Crisis. New York: ColumbiaUniversity Press, 1990. Official on Economic Reform. Beijing Review: 27 June-3 July 1994, 11-15. Riboud, Marc. China Leaps Upward. New York Times Magazine: 27December 1992, 12-15. Shenon, Philip. A Nail-Biting Ride in Shanghai. NewYork Times: 6 August 1994, 33, 41. Shenon, Philip. China Halts Listing of New Stock. NewYork Times: 1 August 1994, D1, D4. Shirk, Susan L. The Political Logic of Economic Reform in China. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993. Solinger, Dorothy J. Chinas Transition from Socialism:Statist Legacies and Market Reforms, 1980-1990. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, 1993. Stocks Surge in China As Volume Sets Record. New YorkTimes: 9 August 1994, D2. Economics