Fernandez V. California Fourth Amendment Upheld Essay

Fernandez v. California: Fourth Amendment Upheld? POL 303 August 4, 2013 The Merit case of Fernandez v. California is seeking to determine whether the Constitutional rights of Walter Fernandez were violated under the 4th Amendment when law enforcement conducted a search of his residence upon obtaining consent from his girlfriend, who was also a resident, after Fernandez was taken into custody (and had stated his objections to the search while at the scene). In Georgia v. Randolph (2006), in a 5 to 3 decision, the Supreme Court held that when two co-occupants are present and one consents to a search while the other refuses, the search is not constitutional. This paper will provide a statement of the decision, based on current†¦show more content†¦In Randolph (2006) Justice Souter wrote in the majority opinion, it is fair to say that a caller standing at the door of shared premises would have no confidence that one occupants invitation was a sufficiently good reason to enter when a fellow tenant stood there saying, stay out. Without some very good reason, no sensible person would go inside under those conditions. A police search in such circumstances, Souter wrote, would therefore not meet the reasonableness requirement of the Fourth Amendment. Another case that establishes the premise for determining the validity of the search includes United States v. Matlock. The question before the Court in Matlock was whether the third partys consent for the police to search the defendants house was legally sufficient to render the evidence admissible at trial. Police officers arrested the defendant in his front yard, but did not request his permission to search the house. Instead, some of the police officers approached the house and requested permission to search from Mrs. Graff, who lived in the house with defendant. Mrs. Graff consented to the search and the officers found nearly $5,000 in cash in a closet. Both the district court and the court of appeals excluded the evidence from the trial, finding that Mrs. Graff did not have the authority to consent to the search. The Supreme Court granted certiorari to settle this evidentiary issue. Justice White, for the Court, espoused theShow MoreRelatedCase Study : Fernandez V. California1 053 Words   |  5 PagesCase Name: Fernandez v. California, 134 S. Ct. 1126 (2014) Factual History: In Los Angeles, California during the month of October and year of 2009, Abel Lopez was attacked and robbed by a man with a knife, he later identified as Walter Fernandez. During the confrontation between Lopez and Fernandez, Fernandez informed Lopez the territory in which Lopez was ruled by the â€Å"Drifters† After Lopez placed a call to 911, a few minutes after the attack, police and paramedics arrived on the scene. Two Los

Essay on The History of Conflict in Ireland - 14775 Words

The History of Conflict in Ireland An American audience may find it difficult to comprehend the sense of history which is in the Irish conflict. It goes back to the 1920s when the island was partitioned, and Catholics in Northern Ireland believed that they were on the wrong side of that border, and believed that they had been done out of their political heritage. But Protestants have a sense of history which goes back to at least the seventeenth century, where from the time of the plantation of Ulster at the beginning of the 1600s, they have had to look to their own resources to ensure that they remained in control in the north of Ireland because theyd lost control in the rest of Ireland.†¦show more content†¦By the 1920s, the British political establishment decided it was time to get out of Ireland, militarily, politically, psychologically, but she could not get out of what became known as Northern Ireland because the Protestant majority there were convinced that they were British and they represented the majority. Partition So, the best deal that Britain could do in 1920 was to partition the island of Ireland, and make the northeast of Ireland into this new entity called Northern Ireland, and leave the rest of the country as a separate entity, which was still part of British jurisdiction but had a great deal more autonomy. Britain had no real solution other than partition. Britain, I think, would have liked to have withdrawn from Ireland, because it had been such a cost, such a drain on its international reputation. But Britain felt it owed allegiance to its kith and kin in the north of Ireland, the Protestant majority, who considered themselves to be British. And this Protestant majority said they would fight to maintain the right to be British. The best solution was a qualified partition, because built into the Government of Ireland Act was the prospect that at some future date, the island could be united again. So psychologically,Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Terence Mcdonough, Ireland A Colony? Economics, Politics And Culture1192 Words   |  5 PagesTerence McDonough, Was Ireland a Colony? Economics, Politics and Culture in Nineteenth-Century Ireland (Dublin, 2005) Post-colonial theory has still prevailed in Irish literary and cultural studies for some time. New perspectives are coming up in the spheres of history and economics. Lately, there has been a great need for the analysis of the entire history to come up with effective ways for persons to clearly understand the history of Ireland. The nineteenth century Ireland is still in a dilemmaRead More Religious Wars Essay1126 Words   |  5 Pagesreligion has also played a role in wars, religious conflicts in Ireland (Protestants and Catholics). Israelis and Arabs (Holy Land) and the Holy Crusades of the eleventh century (recapturing the Holy Land). In Israel Jews and Arabs have been in conflict for hundreds of years because they both share religious grounds in Israel. Since the founding of Israel in 1948 there has been continuous conflict between Israel and Arab states. This conflict has been marked by six bloody wars. On both sides,Read MoreProtestant and Catholic Troubles in Ireland1475 Words   |  6 PagesCatholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland. The troubles have been protracted and costly in every sense of the world. From the first civil rights marches in 1968 till the signing of The Good Friday Agreement in 1998, 3,500 people died and over 35,000 were injured in Northern Ireland as the direct result of the aggressive violence , rebellion, bombings, murders, and terror tactics. The Catholic and Protestant troubles and conflicts had a significantly impact on Ireland. This serious issue had impactedRead MoreThe Bitter Conflict in Northern Ireland Essay examples881 Words   |  4 PagesThe Bitter Conflict in Northern Ireland Out of all the conflicts that have occurred in Western Europe since the Second World War, Northern Ireland has been one of the most bitter, long lasting and intractable. This conflict is based in the struggle of one side of the community for a unified independent Ireland and the opposition of the other part of the community to this aim and their desire for Northern Ireland to remain a part of the United Kingdom. Due to the hostility between these twoRead More Conflict in the Emerald Isle Essay1517 Words   |  7 PagesConflict in the Emerald Isle The island of Ireland is known for many things: St. Patrick’s Day, its green landscape, music, beer, and discord. The heart of this conflict began centuries ago, when Britain came over and forced Protestantism on the Irish Catholic inhabitants. There has always been hatred between the Irish Protestants and Catholics. The island is broken up into to distinct regions. The Republic of Ireland consists of 26 counties, which make up the southern regionRead MoreCultural Identity And Autonomous Regions Within The European Union1435 Words   |  6 PagesCatalonia, Basque Country, Northern Ireland and more. The long and complex history of Europe has led to hundreds if not thousands of areas within the region that have a separate and distinct identity and culture. These areas have independent cultures and histories that define them outside of the national identity. Historically, Catalonia and Northern Ireland have had many different views from their parent nations and i t has led to conflict in the past and will lead to conflict in the future. However, a propositionRead MoreThe troubles in Northern Ireland949 Words   |  4 PagesNorthern Ireland Many people only have a limited idea about what these infamous â€Å"troubles† in the North of Ireland really were. Hopefully this article will shed some light on the matter. In the past the vast majority of violent acts and attitudes of discrimination towards minority groups have been based on blacks or the Jews, often leaving religious wars to the olden day Europe. However according to research â€Å" the Troubles in Northern Ireland representRead MoreConflict in Ireland Essay1436 Words   |  6 PagesConflict in Ireland Which of these events has had the biggest impact on the history of the Conflict in Ireland? (a) The Easter Rising, 1916. (b) The deployment of British troops in Northern Ireland, 1969. (c) â€Å"Bloody Sunday†, 30th January 1972. (a) The Easter Rising, 1916. Event On Monday April 24th 1916, a force between 1,000 and 1,500 Irishmen and women consisting of volunteers and the Irish Citizen Army seized control of the General Post OfficeRead MoreImproving Ireland? Projectors, Prophets And Profiteers1279 Words   |  6 PagesNatalie House April 24 2017 Improving Ireland? Projectors, Prophets and Profiteers Improving Ireland? Projectors, Prophets and Profiteers is a work of seven connected essays written by author Toby Barnard a specialist in the political, social and cultural histories of Ireland and England. Dr. Barnard examines a variety efforts as well as topics that relate to the theme of Irish improvement by specifically featuring certain protagonists in separate chapters and how eachRead MoreEssay about Bloody Sundays Lead to Bloody Years1627 Words   |  7 Pagesgenerally based on greed, the need for control, and religion. An example of this can be seen in the long and nasty history between that of Ireland and Britain; a history that is known to have begun as early as the 1300’s when Ireland is officially completely under the rule of Britain, (â€Å"Timeline-Northern Ireland-the Troubles†). Although there are many horrible occasions between Ireland and Britain, there is one event that still to this day has the ability to cause people to think about how the use

Eng 111 Personal Narrative - 1824 Words

ENG 111 Personal Narrative Essay I had just won first place in the oldest, most competitive sewing contest in the country! Something most people could only dream of had suddenly become my reality. So why wasn’t I happy? Why did I feel like I was being whisked off to prepare for the Hunger Games, groomed and fussed over by people who didn’t care about me? Stepping off the stage after being announced as the Ohio representative to the National Make It With Wool contest was thrilling. I would be traveling to Scottsdale, Arizona to compete against skilled sewists from across the nation! I didn’t get long to revel in my accomplishment, or to enjoy the sudden rush of euphoria that bubbled up; Daphne, the assistant director, immediately came†¦show more content†¦And that scarf has to go.† That crushing statement was an almost verbatim echo of the criticism I had received from a condescending 4-H judge. Because that judge was also judging this contest, those words dragged up other equally emotional and painful memories. I felt singled out, hunted. Her overbearing, aggressive manner was shocking, and by the time she started telling me what kind of outfit I needed to put together for Nationals, I was in tears. On top of all that, I learned that the contest would pay for me to fly out west, but would not be paying for a parent’s ticket. If my parents wanted to come, they would have to purchase their own tickets, and airfare is expensive. I would most likely be flying out on my own, navigating airports solo before arriving into an unknown situation. Even if Mom or Dad came with me, once I arrived at the contest any contact would be taboo. No phone calls, email, or text. I would be completely alone, a thousand miles from home. Under normal circumstances I would have been worried; the treatment I had just received transformed concern into terror. Daphne finished instructing Mom in everything I needed to â€Å"fix† while I changed out of the appallingly mismatched outfit. I hadn’t expected to win the contest, but such a harsh, personal attack left me wishing that I had never even entered. Angry, humiliated, sacred, and upset, I spent most of the two-hour car ride home sobbing. I had put my outfitShow MoreRelatedSelf Reflection Essay984 Words   |  4 PagesIt’s Never Over The end of the semester is approaching quickly and you can see â€Å"light at the end of the tunnel.† The final assignment is a self-reflection essay on what you learned during the semester in ENG 111. There were three other essay assignments. The first one was called a literacy narrative, the second one, a single source essay, and the third one, a multi-source essay. But how can I write about things I do not understand? I had never taken an online class before, much less, a class that requiredRead MoreInstructive Text Types11631 Words   |  47 Pages 1.4 Werlich’s textual typology†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.... 1.5 Biber’s text type†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Chapter 2.Text Forms†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.... 2.1 The descriptive text form†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.... 2.2 The narrative text form†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2.3 The expository text form†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2.4 The argumentative text form†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2.5 The instructive text form †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦ Chapter 3.The directive-instructive text-type†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreComparative Analysis of the Purpose of8067 Words   |  33 Pagessubsequent schooling. The curriculum contains a section with learning expectations that outline knowledge and skills for six areas that children are expected to achieve by the end of kindergarten, in effect preparing them for grade one. The six areas are Personal and Social Development, Language, Mathematics, Science and Technology, Health and Physical Activity and The Arts (Ontario Ministry of Education, 2006). The program recommends that kindergarten experiences be â€Å"concrete† in order to â€Å"prepare† childrenRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesall the more lamentable. Taken together, the key th emes and processes that have been selected as the focus for each of the eight essays provide a way to conceptualize the twentieth century as a coherent unit for teaching, as well as for written narrative and analysis. Though they do not exhaust the crucial strands of historical development that tie the century together—one could add, for example, nationalism and decolonization—they cover in depth the defining phenomena of that epoch, which, asRead MoreCase Studies67624 Words   |  271 Pagesreal-life situation that faced managers as well as other stakeholders, including employees. A case presented in narrative form provides motivation for involvement with and analysis of a specific situation. By framing alternative strategic actions and by confronting the complexity and ambiguity of the practical world, case analysis provides extraordinary power for your involvement with a personal learning experience. Some of the potential consequences of using the case method are summarised in ExhibitRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 PagesClearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 750-4470, or on the Web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, e-mail: permco ordinator@wiley.com. Limit of LiabilityDisclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representationsRead MoreAn Impact Assessment of Science and Technology Policy on National Development of Nigeria61708 Words   |  247 Pages75 Certain variables however, have been proposed for performance assessment of research institutions such as productivity, which might include the number of referred publications, citations in the literature, persons trained and qualitative narratives that evaluate scientific excellence, relevance, and dissemination of project results. The above indices are considered as discrete outputs which are attimes difficult to measure in terms of quality and relevance. Other variables that can beRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesLeaders 399 Case Incident 1 Leadership Mettle Forged in Battle 400 Case Incident 2 Leadership Factories 400 13 Power and Politics 411 A Definition of Power 412 Contrasting Leadership and Power 413 Bases of Power 414 Formal Power 414 †¢ Personal Power 415 †¢ Which Bases of Power Are Most Effective? 416 †¢ Power and Perceived Justice 416 Dependence: The Key to Power 416 The General Dependence Postulate 416 †¢ What Creates Dependence? 417 Power Tactics 418 Sexual Harassment: Unequal Power inRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesProject Manager 338 Managing versus Leading a Project 339 Managing Project Stakeholders 340 Influence as Exchange 344 Task-Related Currencies 345 Position-Related Currencies 346 Inspiration-Related Currencies 346 Relationship-Related Currencies 346 Personal-Related Currencies 347 Well-Defined Requirements and Procedures 423 Extensive Training and Team-Building Activities 424 Well-Established Conflict Management Processes in Place 426 Frequent Review and Status Updates 426 Co-Location When Needed

Law Provisions for Journalists Facing Defamation Cases Essay

Law Provisions for Journalists Facing Defamation Cases The law of defamation exists to protect both the moral and professional reputation of the individual from unjustified attacks. The law tries to strike a balance between freedom of speech and a free press with the protection of an individuals reputation. Should journalists face defamation cases there are defences available. Justification is one of these defences, to use this defence the journalist must prove that what they have written is substantially true. Before the defamation act of 1952 was passed, to succeed with a defence of justification you had to prove the exact truth of every defamatory statement made in the article in question.†¦show more content†¦The police officer used as a witness claimed he had seen the couple. This example also demonstrates another point that journalists should be aware of, to ensure their witnesses are prepared to give evidence. It is often the case that their account of events stands for more than the defendants ie. the journalist. A plea of justification can also be difficult when reporting on investigations. It is obviously defamatory to report that somebody is guilty of an offence, or to report an accusation made by a third party. The only way a journalist can defend themselves is to prove the person committed the offence (exception to this are reporting a court case, a police statement, or the report is covered by privilege). If the journalist has reported that a person is suspected of being guilty then they need to prove there are reasonable grounds for suspicion. An example of this is the Elaine Chase v News Group Newspapers Ltd [2002] EWCA case. The Sun Newspaper tried to show there were reasonable grounds for suspicion after publishing a story headlined Nurse is probed over 18 deaths. The police had been investigating the fact that a number of terminally ill children treated by one particular nurse had died. The police concluded there were no grounds to suspect the nurse but this was after The Sun ha d published their report. They paid  £100,000 damages. Section 6,Show MoreRelatedBalancing Individual Privacy with Press Freedom3139 Words   |  13 Pagesindividuals, groups, or institutions to determine for themselves when, how, and to what extent information about them is communicated to others (self information control right). In this age of mass media, individual privacy has become a casualty of journalists’ feeding frenzy and it has become really hard for societies to determine the nature and process of information in the public domain. In this article I reflect on the problem in Nepal’s context. Despite being a social animal, every human being seeksRead MoreMedia Law: Defamation, Copyright, Etc23627 Words   |  95 PagesUNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA MEDIA LAW - 2007 1. DEFAMATION 1. Why a law of defamation? Every member of society has an interest in retaining his or her personal reputation and standing. All members of the community also have an interest in a free flow of information and communication. There is a tension between these two interests. The law represents a balance between personal interests in reputation on one hand and community interests in free speech andRead MoreMedia Law: Defamation, Copyright, Etc23639 Words   |  95 PagesUNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA MEDIA LAW - 2007 1. DEFAMATION 1. Why a law of defamation? Every member of society has an interest in retaining his or her personal reputation and standing. All members of the community also have an interest in a free flow of information and communication. There is a tension between these two interests. 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Campbell v MGN Ltd and Douglas v Hello Ltd are the two main cases, which took a step in recognising this area of law. In Campbell it was held that ‘where the invasion is caused by wrongful disclosure of personal information is a breach of privacy’. The consequences of these cases led the media to demand for a codified legislation on the law of privacy, as Baroness Hale commented in WainwrightRead MoreMedia Invasion of Privacy5852 Words   |  24 Pagesdistinguish what type of information is private, public or newsworthy. Journalists, however, often possess diverse concepts of privacy and newsworthiness, and know that the issue is more complicated based on the fact that reporting news stories in a way that serves and informs the public will often require publicizing details or displaying images that will mortify or anger someone. To make privacy issues even more complicated for journalists, courts constantly redefine what is private based upon interpretationsRead MoreBusiness Journalism in India26104 Words   |  105 PagesSEBI, Banking sector 3 The Budget preparation and presentation, factors influencing the annual budget, role of (5) subsidies and foreign exchange reserves 4 Companies, balance sheets, AGMs window dressing of balance sheets, the loopholes (the case of Satyam) (5) 5 Stock exchange, Sensex and its ups and downs, need for stricter monitoring, how to (5) cover Stock Exchanges, qualities of a good stock exchange reporter 6 Ethics for business journalism. Should it be a watch dog or servantRead MoreThe Impact of Information Communication Technology on Malaysia Communication Culture in the Era of Globalization7293 Words   |  30 Pageshas to reform. 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Main Strengths of Mill’s Utilitarianism Free Essays

A) Explain the main strengths of Mills Utilitarianism? With rule utilitarianism you first have to agree to the general rule then after you apply it to specific cases. Some people see Mill as a rule utilitarian, which means that you act in accordance with those rules which, if generally followed, would provide the greatest general balance of pleasure over pain. This rule is also in line with how society works in the way that most people would prefer to cause pleasure rather than pain. We will write a custom essay sample on Main Strengths of Mill’s Utilitarianism or any similar topic only for you Order Now Mill separates pleasure into higher and lower as that he thinks some pleasure like higher is more for the soul and are long term and will benefit you as a person and the lower pleasures which are more material and offer short term pleasure but not the sort that lasts. He use the saying ‘Better to be a human dissatisfied than a pig satisfies; Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied‘ to show the differences between the two pleasures as that you can be a human dissatisfied which is better than being a pig who is satisfied as that you are may not be happy or content but you are doing good which is better than someone who is happy and content but doing bad. There are two types of rule utilitarian. There is the strong rule utilitarian and there is the weak rule utilitarian and they can be identified by the strong utilitarian’s principles should never be broken and the weak rule utilitarian’s principles has a bit of give in the way you can apply it to a particular situation over the general rule. The strong form of the theory maintains that rules established through the application of utilitarian principle should never be broken. This means that there is no give in the rules and if you break the rules than you are going against the rule utilitarian act. The weak version allows for the possibility that those same utilitarian principles can take precedence in a particular situation over a general rule. However, the rule would still form part of the decision making process. The rules should be formulated first, based on the utilitarianism principles. The individual can then judge whether specific acts are acceptable. So the rule utilitarian is more like a guide line and you as a person can choice whether you want to follow each certain act or not. It is a simple and common sense philosophy which people in the twenty first century feel able to apply. This is a big strength as that Mill lived almost two hundred years ago and you can still apply it today and use it to live your life even though nearly everything has changed. It is also fair and suits democratic society as that if everyone is living in society and abiding by the same rule it makes it easier for society to determine what is right and wrong but it is also fair as that first you agree to the general rule then you apply it to specific case so each individual is different and you can bend the rule is you can but only in specific cases. One of the biggest strength is that it is a universal rule, accessible whatever culture, religion and society so that it can be applied to everyone and everyone knows where they stand with it, because it is universal you can be more comfortable when communicating with people of religions you will feel more secure. B) Utilitarian’s can lead to wrong decisions. Discuss? Utilitarian often means basic, practical and plain. Some people would regard a plain, simple action or thing to be ‘good’, and complicated, sophisticated approaches to be ‘wrong’. An action which is judge useful and purposeful is known as a ‘good action’. Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) is one of the most recent utilitarian’s to add his input onto how we live in society. He came to argue for a principle of utility, his means that an action should be judged good or bad by looking at its outcome and if an action produces benefits, advantages, pleasure, good or happiness it is ‘good’. Bentham defined society as a ‘’collection of individuals’’. A decision, followed by an action governed by that decision, is judge to be good by its having brought about a maximum amount of pleasure should out among the greatest number of people’. Bentham came up with the theory of the Hedonic Calculus and it is a system by which pleasure can be quantified. The hedonic calculus is split into six sections and each section is like a question and from the answers of each question at the end you can come to a conclusion which can measure the amount of pleasure a thing can give. Intensity, Duration, Purity, Certainty, Propinquity and Extent are the six sections in which you put a problem in too and at the end you get an answer of which the most pleasure will go to and if it is a higher or lower pleasure. There are difficulties’ with Bentham’s theory like the Hedonic Calculus as it makes a quantative judgement of pleasure as can one action produce the same amount of pleasure as another and can differing pleasures be measured using units of measurements. It also relies on pleasure as a universal as pleasure for his reatest number assumes that everyone will find the same things pleasurable and we know that each person has there own stuff they like and dislike as we are individuals. So one persons pleasure like classical music is someone else pain like a rockstar. ‘The only good is pleasure and the evil is pain’. This statement is false as that you cannot judge good on one specific action and you can’t judge evil on one action e ither peoples perception on good and evil changes as no one person is the same a the next. So having a tattoo can give someone pleasure as that they are getting something they like inked onto their skin forever and they will get great pleasure from it but to another person that could be the worst thing ever as it hurts and cause you pain for a time. On the other hand studying for you’re A levels can be hard and temporarily painful at the time but eventual cause pleasure on results day when you get good grades. This is also higher and lower pleasure which are measure on the whole not as an individual. How to cite Main Strengths of Mill’s Utilitarianism, Essay examples

Pro Choice Among Women Essay Paper Example For Students

Pro Choice Among Women Essay Paper Word Count: 1709An onlookers view of Pro Choice amongst womenMany clinics provide abortion services for women with unplanned or uncontrollable pregnancies. Some women find themselves with an unplanned pregnancy rather than an uncontrollable one. Unplanned in fact that a contraceptive failed, or may not have been easily accessible: uncontrolled in the sense of factors being greater than limited contraception. Abortion has been performed in many clinics as a treatment for unfit or unhealthy women, and for women who may have been molested or raped. Abortion shouldnt be used as a form of contraception, nor should womens lives be sacrificed to bear an infant before morally ready to commit. If a woman is raped, and the outcome incurs pregnancy, then abortion is an alternate form of controlling the unwanted pregnancy. Abortion should stand as only the womans choice, never as a decision adverse to Pro-Life activists. Pro-Choice advocates seem to vindicate abortion, accepting that abortion is not considered a form of birth control, but merely a method of controlling the woman and fetus future. Women are the sole determinate persons in stating if they are capable of withholding a full term pregnancy. As an advocate of womens rights to Pro choice, I am extending my viewpoints to you in this proposition. Many people have their opinions on abortion, usually being one extreme or the other. Advocates or Pro choice often finds themselves swaying their opinions of when abortion is morally ethical dependent upon the controlling factors. Advocates of Pro Life are consistently perusing abortion, stating that it is morally wrong, and unethical in all matters, even if the pregnancy is inadvertent. There are factors remaining in todays society that are very forthcoming and are unanticipated by women in the prevention of pregnancy. If medical doctors abolished the procedure, or if the government made it even more difficult to obtain an abortion, we wouldnt be supporting the righteousness of many women in the U.S. today. If contraception, in all forms, were 100% effective, then abortion could be abolished. Until medical research and testing finds a foolproof contraceptive, abortion is morally p ermissible because of obvious factors that are uncontrollable. For those whom agree that abortion is an ethical procedure, there are some instances where it is morally questionable. Does an inopportune pregnancy allow another to be the decider on the future life of a fetus? As Marquis states, an FLO is to claim that a fetus now has the potential to be in a state of a certain kind in the future. (143) If a woman chooses to abort the fetus, according to Marquis, she is depriving it of the future it could possibly have. This would be more relevant to comprehend if one knew that the fetus would be born completely healthy. It is not known in the early stages of pregnancy if the fetus will be born without abnormalities, or defects. Therefor, it is impossible to state that the fetus would ever even see a FLO. It is wrong to kill peaceful or harmless persons, as Marquis argues, the FLO account of the wrongness of killing is correct because it explains why we believe that killing is one of the worst of crimes.(141) Would it also be wrong to place an indi vidual in the world that is handicapped, deformed, or otherwise incompetent? Abortion is an inexpensive procedure to prevent this from occurring. If a woman knows that the fetus will more than likely not have a FLO, then she is correct in deciding on terminating her pregnancy. The determinants to this would be from being unfit or unplanned. If the woman is unhealthy in any way, then that creates an atmosphere for the unborn child that is unhealthy as well. .u144e64fbf9acf48b49e3178d398bc867 , .u144e64fbf9acf48b49e3178d398bc867 .postImageUrl , .u144e64fbf9acf48b49e3178d398bc867 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u144e64fbf9acf48b49e3178d398bc867 , .u144e64fbf9acf48b49e3178d398bc867:hover , .u144e64fbf9acf48b49e3178d398bc867:visited , .u144e64fbf9acf48b49e3178d398bc867:active { border:0!important; } .u144e64fbf9acf48b49e3178d398bc867 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u144e64fbf9acf48b49e3178d398bc867 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u144e64fbf9acf48b49e3178d398bc867:active , .u144e64fbf9acf48b49e3178d398bc867:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u144e64fbf9acf48b49e3178d398bc867 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u144e64fbf9acf48b49e3178d398bc867 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u144e64fbf9acf48b49e3178d398bc867 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u144e64fbf9acf48b49e3178d398bc867 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u144e64fbf9acf48b49e3178d398bc867:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u144e64fbf9acf48b49e3178d398bc867 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u144e64fbf9acf48b49e3178d398bc867 .u144e64fbf9acf48b49e3178d398bc867-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u144e64fbf9acf48b49e3178d398bc867:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Human Cloning EssayPro-choice followers do feel that there is a time when abortion is immoral and unethical, which is aborting after the second trimester. By the third trimester, a fetus has formed distinct facial features, digits, limbs, and internal organs. To anyone, this would be the equivalent to the physical human person. Warren states that, the late term fetus has features which cause it to arouse in us almost the same powerful protective instinct as does a small infant. (133) The consequences of

Wrecking Ball/We Cant Stop by Miley Cyrus free essay sample

Miley Cyrus is surely trying to make a new name for herself, trying to be â€Å"black† as some people have called it. Most people can’t grasp onto the fact that she has grown up, and as much as I too miss the Hannah Montana’s blonde Californian girl, she had to give up her wig to face real life. When she first got her haircut I really liked it, she was trying on a new personality, something bold and edgy like her personality. I think this was her first step to branching out, and once again trying to break free of the Hannah Montana image she has been associated with. With her many news breaking actions she has performed in the past years; from when she had booty shorts on and danced on a pole while singing Party in the USA, to the viral video of her smoking marijuana, to the video of We Can’t Stop, to ultimately her performance at the 2013 VMAs where she twerked, and touched Robin Thicke provocatively. We will write a custom essay sample on Wrecking Ball/We Cant Stop by Miley Cyrus or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Once she performed this, I was shocked, and I was just taken by surprise. As everyone hated on her, I come to realize she is succeeding on what she wants, to change her persona, and have it be known, and advertising it. The almost 21 year old has made yet another shocking video for Wrecking Ball, from her soon to be released new album Bangerz where she was sitting nude on a wrecking ball, and making out with a sledgehammer. This video has received a lot of criticism, and I can see why, but once you stop to listen to the lyrics you realize how hard of a time she is facing. Losing someone really close to her, and facing a broken heart, and the deep depression that follows that. Yet another major turning point in her transition to becoming an adult within herself. Overall, I think we have a lot to learn about Cyrus, and her decisions, and a lot we can learn from it. Most importantly we can learn that she is going through similar things we are, being hormonal teenagers, being bullied, and trying to figure out who we want to be. I believe that her new album Bangerz is going to show a lot about her transition, into complete adult hood, and that we shouldn’t jump to judging her, she may or may not be another Lindsay Lohan, but judging from her decisions, she is just an artist trying to make it in a struggling world. Remember, we were taught to treat others the way we want to be treated, so do we want thousands of people criticizing and condemning who we are, or who we want to be?

Striving for the Ultimate Knowledge Elis Mission. Video Game

Due to the fact that the movie industry has shown great potential for the last several years, the plots of numerous films became the basis for a number of games which the fans of the movies accepted with flying colors. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Striving for the Ultimate Knowledge: Eli’s Mission. Video Game specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thus, the video game industry is prospering now, taking into account the abundance of cinematographic masterpieces worthy interpreting in a video game. Game creation might seem quite close to movie-making, yet it possesses certain unique features which become obvious only at the stage of game-making. However, even the most complicated movie plots can be transformed into an enticing game with help of a bit of fantasy and the most general knowledge of video game making. Linking it to a certain movie will make it ever more popular and even become a major hit in the g ame industry; as King explains, this can be explained rather easily: At the level of industry more generally, the linking of the cinema and games is far from being arbitrary in an environment in which some of the key producers and distributors of both forms of entertainment are located within the same media corporations and in which game spin-offs offer substantial additional revenues to the Hollywood studios. (7) One of the films of 2010 worthy taken as a plot for a video game is the one called A Book of Eli. Owing to the peculiarities of the movie plot, the game can be shaped in a most intriguing way, with a lot of turns of the plot which lead to the most effective denouement. Thus, the game which is going to be created comprises the elements of a quest, an action game and a puzzle game – with such an intricate structure it is bound to be a success. Speaking of the opening scene of the game, I would suggest that there should be a short intro which initiates the gamer into w ho the lead character is and what brought him to the place where he is at the moment. Taking some ten to fifteen seconds, this piece will be most helpful for the people who have never seen the movie and yet are willing to play the game. As Newman marked wisely, Another major fact to consider when using the game theory is the idea that players begin all games ignorant of the rules of that game. A game’s concept must include the information regarding how a gamer is to learn these rules and guidelines, and how strategy, difficulty and opposition will be used. (14)Advertising Looking for essay on programming? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus, the wisest decision in this case would be to drop all the scenes narrating the story of the world which survived the nuclear war. Squeezing the information to fit the introductory lines, it would be possible both to help the â€Å"newbies† get acquainted with the plot and no t to irritate more experienced people. Therefore, beginning the game at the bar, the player starts his world rescue mission as Eli, the only man who possesses the Bible. The first piece of the game is supposed to possess the elements of quest – Eli has to charge his IPod, then he must find another bar to find the water to sustain his life. Realistic to the hilt, the game must look in the most convincing way, so that the gamer could feel that Eli is his/her reincarnation. Thus, the game graphics must be taken into account when creating the game. To complicate the matter a bit and make the game both more enticing and closer to the movie plot, it would be a good idea to include changing water for the clothes. This piece would illustrate the poverty and despair which the lost world was trapped in after the devastating war and at the same time make the game more interesting to the players. Constructing the close-up for this part of the game, it would be a nice decision to arrange Eli’s encounter with Solara. Making this the necessary piece of Eli’s journey without which it will be impossible to continue the game, one can insert an element of puzzle into Eli’s quest and make it ever closer to a refined brain-twister. Another two-minute episode which the game would feature certain elements of action. To add more of dramatic elements to the game, it would be a good idea to bring some action into it. Thus, the target group of the game players can be expanded from the quest-lovers to those addicted to action pieces and enjoying scenes of fighting in video games. Thus, Eli will spend the next two minutes in the house of the old couple known as the local cannibals. On the one hand, it could be a good idea to make the situation as tense as possible and draw various sound and visual effects to enhance the blood0thirsty impression of the scene. Yet on the other hand it seems quite unreasonable since the age group would be restricted then to an ol der group. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Striving for the Ultimate Knowledge: Eli’s Mission. Video Game specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, it is doubtful that the person loving quests will eagerly take part in rough action games. Thus, it will be most reasonable to make the scene of the house fight less violent than the plot of the movie demands. Although logically, it would be most reasonable to make the lead character of the game invisible for the game player so that the latter could associate Eli with him/herself, it seems that the scene featuring the fight in the house should be made in such a way so that the game player could see Eli and control all his moves. Considering Pedersen’s idea of action games, it becomes obvious that the player must see the character in the scene of fight: Action games are those in which you move, attack, move, react, and move again. They revolve aroun d the gamer who is always central to the play and in control. During an action game, action is the emphasis, not storytelling (Pedersen 34) Thus, making the emphasis on the central character, not on the fight itself, it would be possible to balance between the tough action and the absence of excessive violence in the picture. Since the age group which the game is designed for is supposed to be diverse and include all possible elements, there must be a line toed between the â€Å"fight for justice† which is a necessary element of all action stories and blockbusters, and violence. In spite of the fact that action games do not presuppose a lot of dialogues between the characters, there must be the ones in this scene. Bearing crucial importance for the entire storyline of the movie and the game, the conversations between Eli and Carnegie must be inserted into the body of the action. Making the situation in the game as tense as possible, these short pieces of conversation fill t he game with the philosophy which lies in the basis of the movie. Thus, most of the key phrases of Carnegie and Eli must be inserted into the action. Advertising Looking for essay on programming? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Quite a risky trick, it will prove the most efficient way to enhance the intrigue of the game. Such approach will contrast with the typical â€Å"helmet-mounted display†, though this will deprive the game of certain reality elements; as Jones emphasizes, it is the very effect of the information being â€Å"at once outside and inside of the visor of your character† (Jones 75). Since Eli is the lead character of the game which the player associates him/herself with, it would not be a good idea to follow the plot of the movie blindly and make Carnegie shoot Eli. Though this will add reality to the game, such turn of the plot might upset even those who know the movie well, not to mention the people unaware of the film. Thus, instead of being shot, Eli encounters an obstacle which makes him lose the Bible – say, the book is stolen by a member of Carnegie’s gang. At this point, it would be the wisest decision to apply the scheme of â€Å"multiple exit rootsâ €  (235), as Young puts it. Allowing the game player to choose the ending which fits him/her best, one can help the player contribute to the game as well and feel the pulse of the game action. The third and the final act of the game should be converted into a puzzle. In accordance with the movie plot, Eli is supposed to read the Bible, yet the game player is yet to discover that the book is written in Braille code. To unlock the mystery of the text, the player has to decipher the mysterious scriptures, which means that (s)he is supposed to solve a game puzzle. To find the key to the weird signs, Eli must use some brainwork. As Eli opens the book, a table with certain letters deciphered appears, yet there are not enough letters to unlock the secret writings. Designing the riddle, it is reasonable to use the most widespread letters of the English alphabet, such as e, t, h, and a, along with a number of the most specific letter combinations, like â€Å"ph† or â€Å"csâ₠¬ . Designing the puzzle, one must keep in mind that the game player must not get bored by a riddle which is too complicated to solve in less than ten minutes. However, as Eli continues solving the puzzle, it appears that he is under a considerable time pressure – such turn of the plot will add acuteness to the situation and evoke another adrenalin surge – isn’t this what an avid game player is waiting for? However, not to make people too overwhelmed with emotions and give them the opportunity to win the game, Eli gets time bonuses with each letter guessed correctly. While Eli deciphers the scriptures, he realizes that what has been deciphered so far is not enough – most of the text is missing. It turns out that he is supposed to recollect the rest of the Bible text. At this turn of the plot, the game player will have to solve another puzzle and read the text concealed in Eli’s memory. Thus, the game turns from harsh and rather tough action to qui te complicated yet intriguing puzzle. It is clear that those who are keen on playing various games will love the way the game parts switch and interact with each other, and the turns of the plot will add to the overall excitement. Trapped in his own memory, Eli becomes an integral part of the game player – it is the matter of life and death for the player now as well to make Eli recollect the forgotten Bible. However, this puzzle turns out to be much easier than the previous one. Making Eli pick the Bible and look at the poster on the wall will lead to the solution – Eli will see the snatch of a phrase reading â€Å"lies ahead†, which triggers the recollection process: â€Å"No matter what lies ahead. Hold onto your faith†. At this point the book which Eli holds turns into the Bible written in English, and the game ends with the triumph of the mankind. Lines up with the licensed music from the motion picture, this scene would look in the most impressive way; as Rogers emphasizes, music is of paramount importance for the game: â€Å"Emphasis shifted from the programmatic issues with music and sound to what to do with it creatively† (394). Although this game might seem another attempt to advertise a movie brand, there is more than meets the eye in it. Suggesting a picture of the distant future of the mankind, it persuades people to hold fats to their knowledge and beliefs, and not to give up even when the world is collapsing down. Once playing this game, one will feel that there is always a way out, no matter how hard the journey might seem. Works Cited Jones, Steven Edward. The Meaning of Video Games: Gaming and Textual Studies. New York, NY: Taylor and Francis, 2008. Print. King, Geoff, and Tanya Krzywinska. Screenplay: Cinema/Videogames/Interfaces. Brighton, UK: Wallflower Press, 2002. Print. Newman, Rick. Cinematic Game Secrets for Creative Directors and Producers: Inspired Techniques from Industry Legends. Burlington, MA : Focal Press, 2008. Print. Pedersen, Roger E. Game Design Foundations. Sudbury, MA: Jones Bartlett Learning, 2009. Print. Rogers, Scott. Level Up! The Guide to Great Video Game Design. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, 2010. Print. Young, Paul. The Cinema Dreams in Its Rivals: Media Fantasy Films from Radio to the Internet. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 2006. Print. This essay on Striving for the Ultimate Knowledge: Eli’s Mission. Video Game was written and submitted by user Cameron Padilla to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.